Spanish extradition to the United States moves through the Audiencia Nacional and a governmental surrender decision under the 1970 treaty, later supplements, and US-EU practice - with dual-criminality modernization around 1996 sharpening contemporary fights. Spain is not France: nationality is not an absolute bar, though citizens can still raise distinct arguments. ECHR Article 3 blocks death and extreme LWOP exposure when assurances fail. Fraud, narcotics, and cyber packages into SDNY and SDFL remain common. Spodek Law Group P.C. maps nationality posture without recycling Paris myths. Risk-free consultation. Call 212 300 5196.
Audiencia Nacional first - government surrender second.
Spain sequences judicial review at the Audiencia Nacional before executive surrender. Legal sufficiency, dual criminality, identity, and human-rights compatibility belong in the national court record. Assurances and proportionality belong in the governmental track. Argue the wrong defects to the wrong body and you burn leverage while Madrid custody tightens. We coordinate Spanish counsel and US federal defense so both stages get a real brief, not recycled embassy talking points.
1970 treaty, supplements, and 1996 dual-criminality modernization.
The 1970 bilateral framework, later supplements, and US-EU overlays frame modern practice. Dual-criminality modernization around 1996 helps some contemporary US theories travel - and still demands Spanish analogs. Advisors citing only antique list lore miss the live instruments. Spodek Law Group P.C. anchors briefs in the updated bilateral relationship and Spanish criminal procedure so strategy time is not burned on the wrong decade.
Nationality is not a French-style wall - but citizens are not helpless.
Spain does not apply France's hard nationality bar. Spanish citizens can still be extradited when treaty conditions are met. Citizenship may support distinct arguments in specific fact patterns, but it is not automatic immunity. Families importing French passport comfort into Madrid files waste strategy time. Fight on dual criminality, Article 3, and document defects instead.
Death, LWOP, and Article 3 assurance fights.
Capital exposure and irreducible life-without-parole risk trigger ECHR Article 3 review and assurance negotiations. Assurances are not ornamental embassy language. Overbroad murder, narcotics-kingpin, or terrorism wrappers can reopen human-rights fights after papers looked finished. We force US charging into workable assurance boxes before governmental surrender looms. Loyalty to only YOU means we prepare that fight early.
Fraud, narcotics, and cyber stacks from Barcelona and Madrid.
US requests from Spain commonly stack wire fraud, Title 21 conspiracies, and computer-intrusion theories. Conspiracy glue stretches Iberian logistics into New York venue stories. Spanish courts still test offense matching line by line. Agents push voluntary return through Barajas. You need Spanish counsel for Audiencia Nacional practice and US counsel for the district waiting after wheels-down.
