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SECTION B · PROCEDURAL STAGE · B03

Removed from campus before anything was decided.

Emergency removal and interim suspension arrive fast, sometimes within a day of the complaint, and they operate before any finding. The rule permits them only on an individualised safety and risk analysis - and it requires the school to give you an immediate opportunity to challenge the decision. Most respondents never make that challenge, because nobody tells them it exists.
YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO CHALLENGE IT
The regulation requires the institution to provide the respondent with notice and an immediate opportunity to challenge the removal. Make that challenge in writing, promptly.
WHICH RULES GOVERN YOUR CASE The 2020 Title IX regulations. The 2024 rewrite was vacated and does not apply.
RULE TRACKER →
THE BRIEFING · EMERGENCY REMOVAL AND INTERIM SUSPENSION

Emergency removal is the most consequential thing that can happen to a respondent before any determination, and it is the least challenged. It happens quickly, it is presented as a safety measure rather than a sanction, and its practical effects - lost credits, a vacated dorm room, a suspended clinical placement, a terminated visa record - are indistinguishable from punishment.

The regulatory standard.

The 2020 rule permits a school to remove a respondent from an education programme or activity on an emergency basis only where it undertakes an individualised safety and risk analysis, determines that an immediate threat to the physical health or safety of any individual arising from the allegations justifies removal, and provides the respondent with notice and an opportunity to challenge the decision immediately following the removal.

Where removals fail the standard.

Four recurring problems. Institutions sometimes apply a blanket practice to all allegations of a given category, which is by definition not individualised. Institutions frequently rely on concerns that are not physical health or safety - campus climate, community reaction, the complainant’s discomfort at shared spaces - which the regulation does not authorise. Some never offer the challenge opportunity at all. And many impose removal with no stated duration or review date, which converts an emergency measure into an unadjudicated suspension.

How the challenge is made.

In writing, promptly, and specifically. Request the individualised analysis itself, which in practice frequently has not been documented. Identify precisely what physical threat is asserted and what evidence supports it. Propose less restrictive alternatives - a no-contact directive, a schedule adjustment, a housing relocation - because the availability of alternatives undercuts the necessity of removal. Quantify the concrete harm, since a decision-maker weighing an abstract risk against unspecified inconvenience will side with the risk, and a decision-maker told about a lost semester of a nursing degree or a terminated SEVIS record is weighing something real.

Employees, and administrative leave.

For employee respondents the analysis differs: the rule permits placing an employee on administrative leave during the pendency of the process without the emergency-removal findings. Faculty and staff should read the regulation together with the faculty handbook and any collective bargaining agreement, which may supply procedural rights the regulation does not.

Why the challenge matters even when it fails.

Most challenges do not result in reinstatement. They still matter. The exchange creates a documented record of what the institution asserted, what analysis it had performed, and what alternatives it declined - and where a removal was imposed on grounds the rule does not authorise, that record becomes an appeal ground and, at a public institution, part of a due process claim. It is also frequently the first point at which an institution realises the respondent has counsel who is reading the regulation.

Why you should call us.

If you are scrolling through search results trying to find someone to defend you, your search is over. You have found Spodek Law Group P.C. - and we are not your average defense firm. We know a thing or two about defending the accused in campus cases - and in the criminal courts that run alongside them. Over 50 years of combined experience, some of the toughest cases in the country, and we have come out on top. We have seen it all, and we empathise with you. We understand how frightening this is, and we have a legal team who can fight and win.

Unlike other attorneys who care about their reputation with the administrators and the prosecutors, our only goal is getting you the best outcome. We owe loyalty to only you. Our lawyers listen to you, your fears, and your goals. We care about your story, and that is where the work begins - by understanding and listening to you.

On billing, we are transparent about our fees, and there are no surprises. Choosing a lawyer is a big deal and cost is a real issue, so we are committed to being your champion irrespective of your ability to pay. Our firm has a simple belief: lawyers should only take on clients whom they can truly help. Many firms are mills that take every case through the door. We do not.

Working with us starts with a risk-free consultation, in person or over the phone. You can ask us anything, for as long as it takes, and we encourage you to ask the tough questions. We are available 24/7, we practise coast to coast, and every client has direct access to a partner. Call 212 300 5196 - an attorney answers.

GENERAL INFORMATION, NOT LEGAL ADVICE. YOUR SCHOOL’S POLICY AND YOUR FACTS DECIDE EVERYTHING - AND THE CONSULTATION IS FREE. Skip reading - just call →
THE STANDARD THE SCHOOL MUST MEET
And the four ways it fails.
Emergency removal is not a discretionary precaution. It is permitted on a specific finding, and that finding is challengeable.
34 CFR § 106.44(c) · EMERGENCY REMOVAL
“…undertakes an individualized safety and risk analysis, determines that an immediate threat to the physical health or safety of any student or other individual arising from the allegations of sexual harassment justifies removal, and provides the respondent with notice and an opportunity to challenge the decision immediately following the removal.”
In plain language. Three elements: an individualised analysis, an immediate threat to physical health or safety arising from the allegations, and a challenge opportunity. A removal justified by generalised concern, by reputational or community-climate considerations, or by the seriousness of the allegation alone does not meet the standard - and a removal imposed with no challenge process offered is a straightforward procedural violation.
FAIL 01
No individualised analysis
A blanket practice of removing respondents in all cases of a given type is not individualised.
COMMON
FAIL 02
Not physical safety
Concerns about campus climate, reputation, or the complainant’s comfort are not physical health or safety.
ARGUE IT
FAIL 03
No challenge offered
The rule requires it immediately following removal. Silence on this is a violation.
DOCUMENT IT
FAIL 04
Indefinite duration
A removal with no review date and no timeline becomes a de facto suspension without a hearing.
DEMAND REVIEW
Employees are treated differently. The rule permits administrative leave for an employee respondent during the pendency of the process, without the emergency-removal analysis. Faculty and staff should read their handbook and any collective bargaining agreement alongside the regulation.
HOW TO CHALLENGE IT
Six points to make in writing.
The challenge is a document, not a conversation. It should be filed within days and it should be specific.
01Demand the analysis
Ask for the individualised safety and risk analysis in writing. Frequently it does not exist in documented form.
02Attack the threat basis
Identify what physical threat is actually asserted, and what evidence supports it.
03Offer alternatives
A no-contact order, a schedule change, or a housing move is less restrictive and undercuts necessity.
04Quantify the harm
Lost credits, clinical placement, visa status, athletic eligibility, employment. Specifics matter.
05Demand a review date
An open-ended removal is a sanction without a hearing. Ask for a defined review.
06Preserve for appeal
Whatever the outcome, the exchange is now in the record for the appeal and any later petition.
KEEP READING · THE TITLE IX SET
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No page on this site is a dead end. These are the next questions people ask after this one, in the order they usually ask them.
Todd A. Spodek, Managing Partner
FIG. - THE PRINCIPAL
THE LAWYER THE PRESS CALLS
You've seen the defense on Netflix. This is the firm behind it.

Todd A. Spodek is a second-generation trial lawyer whose defense of Anna Delvey became Netflix's Inventing Anna. He appears on Fox News and CNN as a legal analyst, authored "My Advice to Diddy" in The Spectator, and is quoted by the Associated Press when the biggest federal cases break. The record behind the profile: a complete acquittal in a $26M money-laundering trial, RICO charges carrying a 10-year minimum dismissed, and 6 months on a $12M Ponzi case.

Why this firm.

SPODEK LAW GROUP P.C. · EST. 1976
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Los Angeles · 23+ years
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